Kinematic -Dynamic Analysis of the Support Phase in Different Throws of Handball

Abstract

Handball is a sport requiring mobility and a variety of movements during the event. In particular, this can be observed in the different ways of throwing the ball. It has also been proved that the velocity of releasing the ball is different in the different types of throwing (Mikkelsen F. Olessen 1976, Kastner et al., 1978, Kotzamanidis et al., 1985). Handball throwing has a complex construction. So one of the significant points of technical perfection is the quality of the impulse transmission from the lower to the upper segments of the body (Muller 1982, Ignateva 1983). Plagenhoef (1971) put forward that this transmission is the coordination of acceleration -deceleration of body segments in sequence beginning from the supporting foot, producing the maximum absolute velocity of the throwing hand. As it appears this sequence depends on the supporting phase which as it is well known can be divided in the deceleration and the acceleration phases. When the decelerate phase is contrary to the intended movement then elastic energy is produced and stored in the muscles because of the eccentric contraction. It has been also proved that the first phase must have short duration for a better utilization of this plastic energy. (Cavagna et aI., 1968, Hochmuth 1981). The aim of this investigation was to analyze the forces acting by the low extremeties during the supporting phase of the last stride and to find the relationship between these forces and the velocity of the ball during the delivery.