MAIN TECHNICAL ANALYSES OF THE MOTION TRAJECTORY INFLUENCING THE HORSE-VAULTING MOVEMENT

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The key to improving horse vaulting movement is to obtain an ideal motion trajectory of the center of mass, to increase the height and distance, and to prolong the time in the second flight phase, so as to increase the degrees where the body rotates around vertical axis, abscissa axis and compound axis in the air. This makes gymnasts give rein to their technical movement efficiency of run-up, jumping and push off, in order to increase the quality of the second flight phase. With the means of computer, video recording and high-speed photography, this paper has provided data on every technical phase accomplished by gymnasts to help them master the key techniques and improve the effects of training. METHODS: 1 According to the principles of kinesiology and biomechanics, the rule of every technical phase in the horse vault has been analyzed, the mathematical model of the motion trajectory for the center of mass has been established and the model has been simplified with the calculation of BASIC program. 2 Pictures of horse vaulting movements by 5 elite gymnasts from Shandong Province, China obtained by high-speed photography were analyzed and compared to test and verify the correctness and scientific rigor of the program esign. 3 According to the requirement as planned, 6 different variables and 500 item-byitem values were inputted into the computer. The 6 variables are the instantaneous takeoff velocity on the vaulting block (Vo) is 6-7m/s; the spring-up angle of takeoff (Q), 35-45 degree; the height of the center of mass for gymnasts (h), 1-1.1m; the horizontal distance (L) from the starting point of takeoff to vault supporting point, 1.5-2m; the first flight phase (T1), 0.18-0.25s and the push-off time (Td), 0.16- 0.24s. 17920 data in all have been obtained for statistical treatment to make a further quantitative analysis of every phase in the horse vault.